Pruning Trees (Part 2 of 2)

How to Prune

Before you begin pruning assess the entire tree. Come up with a comprehensive plan and ultimate goal of what you are trying to accomplish. Make good pruning cuts. When you prune a tree you are creating a wound. Trees don't heal like people do; they do not regenerate tissue. Rather, trees callus over wounds or compartmentalize to seal off decay. The wound will forever be a part of the tree. Keeping that in mind, it is important to minimize the damage made from a pruning cut.

• Once a branch has been chosen for removal, identify the branch collar or bulge near the base of the branch (below).

• The branch collar contains active tissues that help in the healing process. It is important not to damage this part of the tree when making your cut.
• When making the cut, try to keep your hand pruners or saw just on the outside of the branch collar.
• If you cut into the branch collar it is called a "flush cut" and should be avoided

• If you cut too far out from the branch collar you are likely to leave a stub. The tree will have a hard time healing over a stub leaving it vulnerable to diseases and harmful bacteria.

• Here is an example of a proper pruning cut made just on the outside of the branch collar but not too far out on the branch so as not to leave a stub.

• Establish a central leader. Establishing a central leader will encourage upward growth of the tree. It will also create better structure and aesthetics as well as long term health and safety.
• The tree in the photo below left has co-dominant leaders, or two competing leaders. If left alone this may create future problems, as shown on right

• The photos below are showing how one leader can be removed. Try to keep the main stem or the branch with higher growth rate and remove the other one.

• If the branch is too large to cut with a hand pruners then use the 1-2-3 cut method to avoid tearing the bark as the branch separates from the tree.

 

 

o   Cut 1: Saw into the underside of the branch. Be sure to score the entire lower side of the branch.

o   Cut 2: Saw off the weight of the branch a few inches out from the first cut.

o   Cut 3: Remove the stub on the outside of the branch collar.

Rules to Remember

• If the pruning requires a chainsaw and ladder then call a professional arborist
• Never prune more than 25% of the tree's canopy at one time
• NEVER top a tree (shown below left). It is harmful and creates a dangerous tree
• Don't "lion's tail" or over thin the crown (shown below right)
• Do not tip the branches (cut off the ends of the branches)
• Be sure that you use sharp and sanitized pruning equipment. Dirty equipment can spread disease.  

 

 

To help you determine when and why you should prune your trees, see Part 1 of this series.